Gazhane (Gashouse) - A Micro-research in Istanbul

Hasanpaşa Gashouse, which started to serve in 1892 as the second gashouse of the Anatolian side and the last gashouse of Istanbul, met the lighting and fuel needs of the city for 101 years. Overtime, its technology became obsolete and its operation was considered to be hazardous for the environment and human health. In 1993, its production and the city’s other gasworks were discontinued. With130 years of history, the historical building, one of Turkey’s most important industrial heritages, was abandoned after being used as an IETT (Municipal Buses) garage for a while, but was rescued after years of public struggle and underwent a comprehensive restoration process. Museum Gazhane, which was brought to Istanbul with a “living space” concept focused on culture and arts in the new period, opened its doors to Istanbulites on July 9, 2021.

This rescue struggle began in 1993, after the Gazhane had completed its function as a gashouse. The first actions on the complex were to demolish the buildings and dispose of the space in a way that would not benefit the neighbourhood. Hasanpaşa Gasworks is a 32-acre site in the middle of the city. Surrounded by residences and businesses, connected to the E5 highway, it is such a big place in the centre of the city. At that time, this area was intended to be used as a market or parking lot by the municipality of that period. In the early years, the Mayor of Kadıköy ensured that Gazhane became a protected area. Meanwhile, the Gazhane Environmental Volunteers, a neighbourhood solidarity group, came into being in 1996. This group is knocking on the doors of their neighbours in the neighbourhood to ask them about their demands for the future of the Gas House. Most of the residents want the remaining area of the gas station to become a cultural centre or a green space. Thus, between 1996 and 2021, a three-actor struggle process takes place among the local administration, the neighbourhood and the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. In 2019, with the change in the mayor of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, the Gazhane is being turned into a cultural centre. However, this is a top-down organization. Although the neighbourhood as succeeded in protecting the area, it is still struggling to make local demands heard. Today, the Gas House has been transformed into a cultural centre by the municipality, with two museums, a library, a restaurant, a concert area and meeting rooms.

An observation session around Gazhane

We went around Gazhane itself, visiting the museum shop. There were a few customers despite the bad weather. It's really more of a (nice) bookshop than a museum shop with lots of items like we're used to in France. Well, half the shop sells children's books (quite a few comics), some of which are in English. We took a few photos of politicised authors (Buzzati, Beauvoir, O'Farrel....). There were quite a few Western European books (like Asterix and the Smurfs). And a nice plump cat. 
Then we went to the big new buildings below Gazhane. To get there, you have to take a large street where the houses are very run-down. There's a clear divide with a sort of bridge and a stream, and the houses along the stream are very poor. Then there's a sort of crossroads where you don't know where to cross, where there are no signs. This crossroads is unstructured and very noisy because of the overhanging dual carriageway. There's a mixture of different types of shops, with a sort of garage and a fishmonger's next to each other, and a storage area for household appliances in the background. 

Then we found ourselves at the bottom of the towers. They're relatively new and at the bottom of the tower, the stalls are very different too, with storage areas, a chic fruit and vegetable shop and broken-down escalators. The differences in living standards and lifestyles seem very marked. We don't know whether these are offices or residential buildings, and therefore whether people live there and use the shops or whether they're just passing through.... 
Then it started raining really hard and we went back to the cafeteria. We realised that the pavement was full of potholes all along our walk.

Focus on... Third Space : THE GAME !

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Results from the game session in Gazhane café

Uses
Waiting Place because it’s free, you are not obliged to consume something
Resting place because it’s quiet
Original place you want to show to relatives or friends from elsewhere

Public
Mostly Upper educated class
People who have time – In relation with the size of Istanbul and the Work/sleep process. A third place in the definition of Oldenburg ?
Process of eviction of the poor and drug addicts ?
High level of mobility (people from European side, tourists, rest of Turkey)
Family with relatives
Lonely people
Children and old people, Students : peoplewho benefits from the calm and the rest areas.

Suggestions From a public space to a common space ?
Not a lot of qualitative social relations and not mixed public in term of interactions, more crossing
Management from the municipality and really precised process of booking
Not a lot of free uses : architectural heritage

Feedback from the people and some ideas for Gazhane
Children playground
Places for children in the public space
Places for dogs
An indoor associative cinema
Enhance links between people and generations : playing together, games to use for free. More social activities

Activities
Mostly Art and cultural activities
Crowded in general because : Free, reservation system, Good programmation, Architecture of the place
Tango lesson, Zumba lesson, Yoga / pilate lesson
Theater play , Concert, Gallery, Exhibition outiside
Library, Reading Books
Have a meal, Have a cofee
Climate museum, science museum : mostly with/for the children : so fun, so nice, interactive place
Toilet

Media

To conclude

Active BASICC organisations
Loghetti